Millibecquerel Smallest. Becquerel Base. Kilocurie Biggest. Result 1 GBq is equivalent to Home » Radioactivity » GBq to mCi. Formula Used.
Other GBq Conversions. All of these elements undergo beta decay and as such, they can penetrate cells easily if one does not wear protective clothing. They then damage the cells and cause various types of cancer. The half-life for iodine is the shortest, only 8 days, so it presented a short-term danger at the beginning of the disaster.
The original release was extensive, about petabecquerels pBqs , where 1 pBq is 10 to the power of 15 becquerels Bq. Because of its rapid decay, there is very little iodine left in Chernobyl at present. Iodine is easily absorbed by the body, especially by the thyroid glands. It increases the risk of thyroid cancer.
It can be taken in by the body easily through contaminated milk and leafy green vegetables, and children are especially vulnerable. The Soviet government did not inform the public in a timely manner about the harm that radiation presents and how to avoid it.
Seven days passed before the news about the accident in Chernobyl appeared in the mass media and in that week many children as well as adults consumed contaminated milk and other foods without knowing.
As a result the number of thyroid cancers, especially in children, spiked in the areas affected by the radioactive fallout. Cesium, strontium, and plutonium still contaminate the area around the reactor because of their significantly longer half-lives of 30, 29, and 14 years respectively.
They were released in quantities of 85, 10, and 6 pBqs each. These two radioactive elements will remain in the area for another years before they decay. Currently, cesium is the main element that is potentially dangerous to people working in and visiting the 30 km exclusion zone in Chernobyl. It is also one of the main polluters in Fukushima, which remained in the area after the Fukushima Daiichi Power Plant disaster.
Cesium is taken up by the body because it is structurally similar to potassium, which the body needs. It stays in the muscle tissue and damages it. Since the heart is a muscle, Cesium affects the heart. Heart problems, especially in children, have increased in recent years in the areas affected by the Chernobyl contamination.
Cancer is another risk increased by cesium exposure. The total amount of radiation released was estimated by the Soviet government to be between 50 to million curies 2 to 4 million terabecquerels. Scientists across the globe speculate based on the increase in cancers and other illnesses that the amount of radioactive material that escaped is 10 times greater than the reported numbers above. To do cleanup work the Soviet government recruited about , rescue workers, both trained and untrained, from the military and the civilian population, according to the World Health Organization.
These workers were called liquidators. Some of the first liquidators were firefighters, many of whom died within days, months, or years later, due to their exposure to high levels of radiation. Many of them were enlisted to do extremely dangerous jobs, like cleaning up the debris on the roofs, because the electronics in the robots, originally used, were damaged due to high levels of radiation.
Roof cleanups consisted of removing, among other things, the highly radioactive graphite, which was originally used to cool down the reactors. It was important to prevent radioactive particles from becoming airborne. A lot of the cleanup, therefore, consisted of removing and burying radioactive materials, such as the debris from the explosions and the contaminated soil.
Some initial work also included removing and disposing of food in the evacuated areas and killing domesticated animals left behind. Cleanup work is still continuing in the area. The liquidators, recruited from the military reserves, had no say in the matter. Military service was mandatory for all healthy men in the Soviet Union and everyone who completed their service became a member of the reserves. Therefore, anybody could be recruited for this work, regardless of their current job.
Usually, people 30 years old or older were called on to join the cleanup efforts. Some managed to escape this by showing real or fabricated medical certificates that rendered them unfit for this work. People who could not provide such documentation had only one alternative to joining the cleanup: a prison sentence.
Some volunteered for this work, understanding the risks but realizing that somebody needs to do this and often hoping that nothing will happen to them. Some of the liquidators later wrote about the conditions they worked in and the violations of health regulations that happened during the cleanup efforts. Some liquidators did not wear adequate protection, such as respirators, choosing to ignore the safety regulations.
One worker wrote in his memoirs that despite the regulations to wear dosimeters to measure the total exposure to radiation of each person, the officers responsible for keeping track of personnel exposure did not record the data shown on the indicators of the dosimeters. Instead, they recorded for each worker an estimate for a given area where he was assigned to work for the day. Personal accounts of liquidators also suggest that even the supposedly safer living quarters were contaminated with radiation because some workers did not change their clothes when going out for cleanup missions, and wore contaminated uniforms back in the living area.
Materials used to build the infrastructure in this area and even things like TVs were also sometimes radioactive, being harvested from the contaminated places. The reactor was covered by a concrete construction, meant to contain radioactive material and to prevent it from spreading across the area. It is referred to as a sarcophagus.
This name has a morbid connotation of burying something dead or something that caused death and disease. The sarcophagus is now deteriorating and parts of it collapsed in winter The possibility of the collapse was known for a long time and recently the construction of a new dome started.
It was halted for safety reasons during the most recent collapse of the original sarcophagus, but after a week construction resumed. The estimated completion is scheduled for If the sarcophagus were to be left without this new incasing, its eminent complete collapse would have caused the release of additional radioactive particles into the air.
Once the radiation in much of the exclusion zone was brought down in the mid-nineties thanks to the cleanup, some curious people started visiting the area as extreme tourists. They knew safer paths, explained the safety rules to people, and lead them through the area using their own routes. Some did it for the money, some did it for free, to spread the word about the effects of the environmental disaster of such scale.
Some introduced the tourists and journalists to local residents, who returned to their homes despite the radiation still present in the area. Since an agency responsible for informing the public of the Chernobyl disaster situation also organized official tours to the area. Until the entry to the exclusion zone was limited but since then the government has allowed access to the area for anybody interested to visit.
The area was temporarily closed for about half a year in but is opened again, although the access is more restricted now. From the time radiation was discovered over one hundred years ago, there have been many civilian accidents. In addition to disasters at power plants, the majority of these accidents are due to improper handling of materials that are still undergoing radioactive decay, often without the knowledge of people that they are radioactive.
Some incidents involve melting down cesium and other radioactive isotopes with scrap metals. These radioactive materials are often mixed into scrap metal because they were parts of the medical radiotherapy equipment that was not recycled properly. Some examples include accidents that happened at a recycling facility in Spain and on a steel mill in China. Others include spills and problems with handling radioactive materials by people who are unaware of the dangers.
In some cases, the source of the contamination is unknown, like in the case of finding radioactive paper money in Russia between and Below are just a few of the most notorious cases of accidents related to radiation. Many more accidents and problems happened in the past hundred years.
Many of them are due to poor regulations and their enforcement, both in the developing and the developed world. Between and , radium was used as a glow-in-the-dark agent in paints. Women, who painted watches with this paint breathed in and took unsafe amounts of radium internally. While painting they licked their paintbrushes to be able to draw finer lines. Value to be converted:.
Convert Millicurie to Gigabecquerel mCi to Gbq : Choose the right category from the selection list, in this case 'Radioactivity'. Next enter the value you want to convert. From the selection list, choose the unit that corresponds to the value you want to convert, in this case 'Millicurie [mCi]'. Finally choose the unit you want the value to be converted to, in this case 'Gigabecquerel [Gbq]'.
Then, when the result appears, there is still the possibility of rounding it to a specific number of decimal places, whenever it makes sense to do so. With this calculator, it is possible to enter the value to be converted together with the original measurement unit; for example, ' Millicurie'. In its relation with millicurie, 1 gigabecquerel is equal to All rights reserved. Unit Converter Batch Download Blogs. Radioactivity And Radioactive Decay From:.
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