The only revolution in which the goal is a desegregated lunch counter, a desegregated theater, a desegregated park, and a desegregated public toilet; you can sit down next to white folks on the toilet. Revolution is based on land. Land is the basis of all independence.
Land is the basis of freedom, justice, and equality. The white man knows what a revolution is. He knows that the black revolution is world-wide in scope and in nature. The black revolution is sweeping Asia, sweeping Africa, is rearing its head in Latin America. They overturned the system. Revolution is in Asia.
Revolution is in Africa. And the white man is screaming because he sees revolution in Latin America. A revolution is bloody. Revolution is hostile. Revolution knows no compromise. Revolution overturns and destroys everything that gets in its way. Just tell me. A revolutionary wants land so he can set up his own nation, an independent nation. When the white man became involved in a revolution in this country against England, what was it for?
He wanted this land so he could set up another white nation. The American Revolution was white nationalism. The French Revolution was white nationalism. The Russian Revolution too — yes, it was — white nationalism. White nationalism. Black nationalism. A revolutionary is a black nationalist. He wants a nation. And if you love revolution, you love black nationalism.
To understand this, you have to go back to what [the] young brother here referred to as the house Negro and the field Negro — back during slavery. There was two kinds of slaves. There was the house Negro and the field Negro.
They lived in the attic or the basement, but still they lived near the master; and they loved their master more than the master loved himself. He identified himself with his master more than his master identified with himself.
What you mean, separate? Where is there a better house than this? Where can I wear better clothes than this? Where can I eat better food than this? This modern house Negro loves his master. He wants to live near him. From America? This good white man? Where you going to get a better job than you get here? Why, you left your mind in Africa. On that same plantation, there was the field Negro. The field Negro — those were the masses. There were always more Negroes in the field than there was Negroes in the house.
The Negro in the field caught hell. He ate leftovers. In the house they ate high up on the hog. In those days they called them what they were: guts. And some of you all still gut-eaters.
The field Negro was beaten from morning to night. He lived in a shack, in a hut; He wore old, castoff clothes. He hated his master. I say he hated his master. He was intelligent.
That house Negro loved his master. But that field Negro — remember, they were in the majority, and they hated the master. The masses are the field Negroes. Just as the slavemaster of that day used Tom, the house Negro, to keep the field Negroes in check, the same old slavemaster today has Negroes who are nothing but modern Uncle Toms, 20th century Uncle Toms, to keep you and me in check, keep us under control, keep us passive and peaceful and nonviolent.
To keep you from fighting back, he gets these old religious Uncle Toms to teach you and me, just like novocaine, suffer peacefully. Our religion teaches us to be intelligent. Be peaceful, be courteous, obey the law, respect everyone; but if someone puts his hand on you, send him to the cemetery. This is the way it is with the white man in America. No, preserve your life. And if you got to give it up, let it be even-steven. The slavemaster took Tom and dressed him well, and fed him well, and even gave him a little education — a little education; gave him a long coat and a top hat and made all the other slaves look up to him.
Then he used Tom to control them. The same strategy that was used in those days is used today, by the same white man. He takes a Negro, a so-called Negro, and make him prominent, build him up, publicize him, make him a celebrity.
And then he becomes a spokesman for Negroes — and a Negro leader. They are not a part of the Negro revolution. They are used against the Negro revolution. When Martin Luther King failed to desegregate Albany, Georgia, the civil-rights struggle in America reached its low point. King became bankrupt almost, as a leader. Plus, even financially, the Southern Christian Leadership Conference was in financial trouble; plus it was in trouble, period, with the people when they failed to desegregate Albany, Georgia.
Other Negro civil-rights leaders of so-called national stature became fallen idols. As they became fallen idols, began to lose their prestige and influence, local Negro leaders began to stir up the masses. It showed the sheriff and his henchmen throwing this black woman on the ground -- on the ground. And negro men standing around doing nothing about it saying, "Well, let's overcome them with our capacity to love. And then it disgraces the rest of us, because all over the world the picture is splashed showing a black woman with some white brutes, with their knees on her holding her down, and full-grown black men standing around watching it.
If a man speaks the language of brute force, you can't come to him with peace. Why, good night! He'll break you in two, as he has been doing all along. If a man speaks French, you can't speak to him in German. If he speaks Swahili, you can't communicate with him in Chinese.
You have to find out what this man speaks. And once you know his language, learn how to speak his language, and he'll get the point. There'll be some dialogue. It is a duty, it's your and my duty as human beings, it is our duty to our people, to organise ourselves and let the government know that if they don't stop that Klan, we'll stop it ourselves.
And you can't stop it with love. So, we only mean vigorous action in self-defence and that vigorous action we feel we're justified in initiating by any means necessary. The press call us racist and people who are "violent in reverse.
They make you think that if you try to stop the Klan from lynching you, you're practising "violence in reverse. I hear a lot of you parrot: "I don't want to be a Ku Klux Klan in reverse. The press calls us "racist in reverse. With skillful manipulating, they're able to make the victim look like the criminal, and the criminal look like the victim. In everyone was talking about the "centennial of progress!
If you had stood up in January that year, and told them that by May, Birmingham would have exploded, that John F. Kennedy would be killed for his role in everything; if you had told them that a church would be bombed with four little black girls blown to bits while they were praying, or that three civil rights workers would be brutally murdered and the government unable to do anything about it - why, they would say you're crazy.
If you tell them what is now in store, they'll think you're crazy for sure. But this year will be the longest and hottest and bloodiest year of them all. People and Ideas: Malcolm X. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! Subscribe for fascinating stories connecting the past to the present. Especially one in which a prominent civil-rights figure delivers a stern rebuke to his race. In July , the Schomburg Center for Research in His father may have been killed by white supremacists.
Author Alex Haley was best known for works depicting the struggles of African Americans. Raised in Henning, Tennessee, he began writing to help pass the time during his two decades with the U. Coast Guard. After conducting interviews with Malcolm X for Playboy Stokely Carmichael was a U. The civil rights movement was a struggle for social justice that took place mainly during the s and s for Black Americans to gain equal rights under the law in the United States.
Muhammad Ali was an American former heavyweight champion boxer and one of the greatest sporting figures of the 20th century. An Olympic gold medalist and the first fighter to capture the heavyweight title three times, Ali won 56 times in his year professional From the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr.
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