The melting point of xenon is the temperature at which liquid xenon turns into a solid. William Ramsay. The density of xenon gas is 5. That makes xenon about four times as dense as air. For many years, xenon was thought to be completely inactive. Inactive means that it does not react with any other element. Bartlett's success inspired other chemists to try making other xenon compounds.
In the early s, they did not even understand the difference between the air around us and gases, like oxygen, carbon, like oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen. The Earth's atmosphere contains about 0. Studies indicate that the atmosphere of Mars may contain about the same amount of xenon, perhaps 0. The element is not known to occur in the Earth's crust. Lead canisters used to store radioactive xenon for medical diagnostic purposes. Nine naturally occurring isotopes of xenon exist.
They are xenon, xenon, xenon, xenon, xenon, xenon, xenon, xenon, and xenon Isotopes are two or more forms of an element. Isotopes differ from each other according to their mass number. The number written to the right of the element's name is the mass number. The mass number represents the number of protons plus neutrons in the nucleus of an atom of the element. The number of protons determines the element, but the number of neutrons in the atom of any one element can vary. Each variation is an isotope.
At least 18 radioactive isotopes of xenon are known also. A radioactive isotope is one that breaks apart and gives off some form of radiation. Radioactive isotopes are produced when very small particles are fired at atoms. These particles stick in the atoms and make them radioactive. Two radioactive isotopes of xenon—xenon and xenon—are used in medicine.
These isotopes are used to study the flow of blood through the brain and the flow of air through the lungs. In most cases, the patient inhales the radioactive gas through a mask.
The xenon gas moves through the body just like oxygen or any other gas. As it travels through the body, the xenon isotope gives off radiation. The radiation can be detected by measuring devices held over the body.
Doctors can tell whether the patient's lungs are working properly. Xenon is produced in the same way it was discovered. Liquid air is allowed to evaporate. When most other gases have boiled off, xenon is left behind. The techniques used today are much better than those used by Ramsay and Travers, of course. It is now relatively easy to capture the xenon gas in air by this method. The primary use of xenon is in lamps. When an electric current is passed through a gas, it can give off light.
Fluorescent lamps and "neon" lights are examples of this process. The kind and color of light given off depend on the gas used in the lamp. Xenon is used when a very bright, sun-like light is needed. For example, the flash units and bright lights used by photographers are often made with xenon gas. Find more information about Crossref citation counts. The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online.
Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. The rare gas xenon reacts with fluorine to give xenon tetrafluoride, according to scientists at Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Ill. Howard H. Claassen from Wheaton College and Dr. Henry Selig and John G. The product is the first xenon molecule having four bonds and containing only one other element. The work follows that of Dr.
Neil Bartlett, University of British Columbia, who made the first true xenon compound, xenon hexafluoroplatinate [ Proc. This wasn't their first discovery. The pair already extracted argon, neon and krypton from liquid air. Their discovery came about when a wealthy industrialist, Ludwig Mond, gifted the team a new liquid-air machine.
With the new machine, they extracted more krypton from liquid air. Then, they repeatedly distilled the krypton and isolated a heavier gas. Ramsay and Travers examined the heavier gas in a vacuum tube and saw that it emitted a beautiful blue glow. They categorized the new gas as inert and called it xenon, derived from the Greek "xenos," which means stranger. However, in Neil Bartlett proved that xenon was not, in fact, inert. It could cause reactions and compounds.
He proved this by making a fluorine derivative. Since then, more than xenon compounds have been made, according to the Royal Society of Chemistry. Natural xenon has nine stable isotopes and 20 unstable isotopes. Some compounds that can be formed with xenon include difluoride, xenon deuterate, xenon trioxide, sodium perxenate, xenon hydrate, tetrafluoride and hexafluoride. Another interesting compound is a metallic xenon created by using massive amounts of pressure.
Xenon is a trace gas found in the Earth's atmosphere to the extent of about one part in 20 million, According to the Los Alamos National Laboratory.
0コメント